Cryptography and Network Security Questions| Questions of Network Security and Cryptography

1. What is network security? Explain the goals of network security?

2. What are the goals of network security?

3. Discuss the classification of security goals.

4. Write briefly the categories of attacks.

5. List and briefly define categories of passive and active security attacks.

6. Differentiate between active attacks and passive attacks.

7. Distinguish between active and passive attacks.

8. Explain the various active attacks. What security mechanisms are suggested to counter attack active attacks?

9. Determine the security services required to counter various types of Active and Passive attacks.

10. Explain in detail the taxonomy of attacks with relation to security goals.

11. Name four factors needed for a secure network?

12. Explain in detail Network Security Architecture.

13. Write down principles of security.

14. What is information security?

15. List out web security threats.

16. What is data integrity?

17. What is the need of security in network communications?

18. Why do we need network security & how can it be provided?

19. What is the relation between security mechanisms and attacks? Explain.

20. Briefly explain the security services and mechanisms.

21. Explain various security mechanisms.

22. What are the various security mechanisms?

23. What is the relation between security services and mechanisms?

24. List and explain the security mechanism defined by X.800.

25. Enumerate the security mechanisms defined by X.800. Explain each.

26. What is the OSI security architecture?

27. What are different security services?

28. List and briefly define categories of security services.

29. What are the different types of authentication services?

30. What is the difference between peer authentication and data-origin authentication?

31. What is the purpose of the peer entity authentication services?

32. What is the need of security services? Explain different security services in detail?

33. What is the difference between security services and security mechanisms?

34. How are security services and mechanisms related to each other?

35. Define cryptography.

36. Define Encryption and Decryption.

37. Differentiate Encryption and decryption.

38. Discuss about Encryption.

39. Write a note on Decryption.

40. Explain the type of encryption/decryption method. Differentiate symmetric and asymmetric encryption.

41. Define cipher text with an example.

42. What is cryptosystem?

43. Specify the components of encryption algorithm.

44. Discuss the components of cryptography.

45. What is permutation process in cryptography?

46. How is a secret key different from public key?

47. What are the roles of public and private key?

48. State and explain the principles of public key cryptography.

49. State the important properties of public key encryption scheme.

50. Write the three dimensions of cryptographic systems.

51. Write about Security Mechanisms in Cryptography.

52. Define symmetric key cryptography.

53. Name the five essential ingredients of a symmetric cipher model.

54. Differentiate between Symmetric and Asymmetric key.

55. Explain symmetric key encryption model with a neat diagram.

56. Briefly explain the private and public key cryptography with RSA.

57. What do you understand by cryptography? List the various cryptographic techniques with suitable examples.

58. What are the advantages and disadvantages of secret key encryption?

59. What are the advantages and disadvantages of public key encryption?

60. What is Cryptography? What is the difference between symmetric and asymmetric cryptography?

61. What is cryptanalysis? Explain various types of cryptanalysis with an example.

62. What is cryptanalysis? Explain different cryptanalytic attack.

63. What is differential cryptanalysis?

64. Who is cryptanalyst?

65. What are transposition ciphers?

66. List few examples for transposition cipher.

67. Explain Transposition cipher with an example.

68. What is the difference between substitution and transposition technique?

69. Compare Substitution and Transposition cipher techniques.

70. Briefly define the mono alphabetic cipher.

71. What is the difference between mono alphabetic cipher and poly alphabetic cipher?

72. Write notes on the following:

• Repudiation
• Digital certificate

73. Compare and contrast:

• Cryptography and Cryptanalysis
• Block cipher and stream cipher
• Active and passive attack

74. Differentiate between:

• Mono-alphabetic and Poly-alphabetic cipher
• Substitution and transposition technique
• Block cipher and stream cipher

75. Explain Caesar cipher with an example.

76. Define briefly the playfair cipher and Ceaser cipher.

77. Explain the rules of playfair cipher with an example.

78. What is the drawback of a Playfair cipher?

79. Define cipher text with an example.

80. Use Caesar cipher with key=15 to encrypt the message “Hello”.

81. Construct a Playfair matrix with the key largest. Encrypt this message: MEET ME AT THE TOGA PARTY

82. Use Vigenere Cipher with key HEALTH to encrypt the message “Life is full of surprises”.

 

83. Using Hill Cipher to encrypt the message “We live in a insecure world”. Use the key   

      

    03    02

05     07

 

84. Explain about Hill Cipher. Consider the plaintext “paymoremoney” and use the encryption key         

17    17    5

2      18    21

2      2      19

Find the cipher text.

85. What is a block cipher?

86. Define stream cipher.

87. Compare Stream Cipher with Block Cipher with an example.

88. Differentiate between block cipher and a stream cipher.

89. Discuss the design principles of block cipher technique?

90. Write a note on Block Cipher Design Principles.

91. Define padding in block cipher.

92. What are the various block cipher design principles? Explain how different cryptographic algorithms use Feistel Cipher Structure.

93. What are Confusion and Diffusion properties of Modern Ciphers?

94. Distinguish between diffusion and confusion.

95. What are the two methods suggested by Claude Shannon to frustrate statistical cryptanalysis?

96. Briefly define the terms substitution and permutation.

97. Define the avalanche effect

98. What is avalanche effect?

99. Explain Avalanche effect.

100. What is a Feistel cipher? Name the ciphers that follow Feistel structure.

101. Explain in detail Feistel Block Cipher structure with neat sketch.

102. Which parameters and design choices determine the actual algorithm of a Feistel cipher?

103. Explain steps in DES Algorithm.

104. With a neat diagram explain the general structure of DES.

105. Draw the block diagram of DES algorithm. Explain briefly.

106. Write short notes on multiple DES.

107. Discuss any two modes of operations in DES.

108. Explain Data Encryption Standard (DES) in detail.

109. How is man in the middle attack done in 2-DES.

110. How is expansion permutation function done in DES?

111. What are the weaknesses of DES?

112. Mention the strength and weakness of DES algorithm.

113. Draw the general structure of DES. Explain the encryption and decryption process.

114. What is the role of S-Box in DES?

115. How is the S-box constructed?

116. Give the structure of AES. Explain how Encryption/Decryption is done in AES.

117. List and briefly define the four stages used in AES.

118. What is the purpose of the State array?

119. Explain one round of processing in AES.

120. Explain the four stages of AES algorithm.

121. Discuss various transformation functions of AES.

122. Which four tasks are performed in each round of AES Cipher? Explain.

123. Explain the Key Expansion process in AES.

124. Briefly describe the key expansion algorithm.

125. What is the difference between SubBytes and SubWord?

126. What is the difference between ShiftRows and RotWord?

127. What is the need of the equivalent inverse cipher?

128. Briefly describe SubBytes.

129. Briefly describe InvShiftRows.

130. How many bytes in State are affected by ShiftRows?

131. Briefly describe MixColumns.

132. How is the inverse add round key transformation identical to the forward add round key transformation?

133. Write about the following in AES cipher:

 

Substitute Bytes Transformation

ShiftRows Transformation

MisColumns Transformations

AddRound Key Transformation

 

134. Explain RSA algorithm with one example.

135. Briefly describe the RSA algorithm.

136. Explain the procedure for RSA cryptosystem.

137. What is RSA algorithm? Explain the generation of public and private keys and hence generation of cipher text through RSA with the help of example.

138. Explain RSA Public Key Encryption. In a RSA system the public key of a given user is is e=7 and n=33. What is the private key of this user?

139. Write any two applications of RSA algorithm.

140. Discuss different attacks on RSA.

141. What are the attacks that are possible on RSA?

142. What is the cipher text if the plain text is 63 and public key is 13? Use RSA algorithm.

143. Perform decryption and encryption using RSA algorithm with p=3, q=11, e=7 and N=5.

144. Given p=19, q=23, and e=3. Use RSA Algorithm to find n, Φ(n) and d.

145. Using RSA algorithm, Find n, d if p=11, q=3, e=3. Encrypt “HelloWorld” Message.

146. Identify the possible threats for RSA algorithm and list their counter measures.

147. Define hashing.

148. What is hashing?

149. What are the properties of hashing functions?

150. List and explain the properties of hash functions.

151. What is the difference between a weak and strong hash functions.

152. Define weak collision property of a hash function.

153. What is one way property, weak and strong collision resistance?

154. How is digest created?

155. What are the requirements of cryptographic hash functions?

156. What are the criterions of cryptographic hash function?

157. Explain the compression of Secure hash Algorithm.

158. What is the role of a compression function in a hash function?

159. What is the size of message, block, word and message digest in different versions of SHA?

160. What basic arithmetical and logical functions are used in SHA?

161. What is the difference between Hash function and Message Authentication Code?

162. Illustrate Secure Hash Algorithm in brief.

163. Explain the compression of Secure Hash Algorithm.

164.What characteristics are needed in a secure hash function?

165. Write about the security of hash functions?

166. What is message padding?

167. Estimate the block size of MD5.

168. Why SHA more secure than MD5?

169. With a neat flowchart, show how MD5 process a single 512 bit block.

170. Define digital signature.

171. What is digital signature?

172. Write and explain the Digital signature algorithm.

173. Describe signing and verification in Digital Signature Algorithm.

174. Write short notes on Digital Signature Algorithm.

175. Describe the attacks on digital signatures.

176. List and briefly describe different types of attacks that can be made on a digital signature.

177. What is Birthday Attack on Digital Signatures?

178. What are the properties a digital signature should have?

179. Explain the working of Digital Signature with a neat diagram.

180. Differentiate digital signature from digital certificate.

181. Discuss the role of digital signatures in modern communication. Also discuss the differences between digital certificates and digital signatures in authentication.

182. Explain digital signature process with its security mechanism.

183. Describe the process involved in digital signatures. Explain about different digital signatures.

184. Describe the digital signature schemes DSS, Schnor and EIGamal.

185. What is Brute Force attack?

186. What do you mean by brute force attack and intrusion?

187. What is the difference between threat and attack?

188. Explain the term integrity.

189. Define Integrity and Non-repudiation.

190. What is FIPS?

191. Discuss in detail block cipher modes of operation.

192. Explain cipher feedback mode.

193. What is the need of Authentication? Explain various authentication functions.

194. What is Authentication? What are the various authentication techniques used today for safe business-transaction online?

195. Illustrate in detail about the message authentication code and its requirements.

196.What is intrusion detection? Write some measures used for Intrusion Detection.

197. What is Fabrication?

198. What is meant by Fabrication?

199. What is phishing?

200. Who are treated as intruders on a network?

201. What is a cyber threat? Write about most Common sources of Cyber Threats in detail.

202. What are the tools available for session hijacking? Explain briefly how they work?

203. What is meant by packet sniffing?

204. What is a phishing attack? Explain various phishing techniques with suitable example.

205. What is meant by IP Spoofing?

206. What is Man in the Middle attack?

207. Explain in detail Man in the Middle Attacks.

208. What is replay attack? What is the counter measure for it?

209. What is the need for security services at transport layer of Internet Protocol?

210. Difference between HTTP and HTTPS protocol.

211. Explain the four protocols defined by Secure Socket Layer.

212. What is IPSec?

213. What are security protocols? Discuss five benefits of IPSec as a security protocol.

214. What are the services provided by IPSec? Where can be the IPSec located on a network?

215. What are the benefits and services provided by IPSec?

216. What are discrete logarithms? Explain how are they used in Public Key cryptography?

217. What is trapdoor one-way function?

218. What are the protocols used to provide IP security?

219. Explain the operation of Secure Socket Layer in detail.

220. Discuss Extended Euclidean Algorithm.

221. Find GCD (2740, 1760) using Euclidean Algorithm.

222. What is Kerberos? What are the uses?

223. What is Kerberos? Explain Kerberos authentication system.

224. What do you mean by Firewalls? Discuss the need of firewalls in VPN along with its types.

225. Explain various types of viruses.

226. Discuss about SQL injection techniques briefly.

227. What is Euler’s theorem and list out its applications?

228. What is Eulers Totient function? Find it for 37 and 21.

229. State and explain Euler’s theorem.

230. List the properties of Euler’s theorem.

231. State and describe Fermat’s theorem.

232. Explain Fermat’s little theorem.

233. Define Fermat theorem.

234. Explain the Fermat’s theorem.

235. Distinguish between message integrity and message authentication.

236. What is message authentication? How is it different from message integrity?

237. Write about the application of DES in CBC mode.

238. Explain Cipher Block Chaining Mode.

239. How do you convert a block cipher into stream cipher by using the Cipher Feedback (CFB) mode? Explain.

240. Explain Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) in detail.